Wednesday 5 October 2011

A bit of research.


The theoretical texts that I have utilized so far in my research cover the area of gender, performativity, and the Post Human. The majority of texts read have been around gender and performativity, while more extensive research into the Post Human is underway.
The major influential texts include:






Fast Feminism Shannon Bell





Fast Feminism, Shannon Bell-

Bell, Shannon. Fast Feminism. 1st. ed. 1. New York: Autonomedia. 2010. 1-193.

Shannon Bell’s Fast Feminism discusses the concept of a new form a feminism. This feminism is “ a new-old feminism grounded in politics, performance, and philosophy. It is in close proximity to postfeminisms of the poststructuralist variety – third-wave feminism, queer feminism, cyberfeminism, and feminism 3.0” (Bell, frontispiece). 
Bell’s ‘Fast Feminist' is a, “post gender provocateur, not so much a gender terrorist as a gender risk taker going the distance with her body” (Bell, 11). 


Gender Trouble Judith Butler


Gender Trouble, Judith Butler- 

Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. 2nd. ed. 1. New York: Routledge. 1990. 1-203. 



Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble brings to light issues of heteronormativity and gender within society. Within Gender Trouble, Butler discusses the identity politics women, and who is included within the term ‘woman’. It is in Gender Trouble that Butler discusses the notion of ‘the masculine’ and ‘the feminine’ as socially constructed and not biological, as well as introduces gender performativty in relation to everyday activities. 









Undoing Gender Judith Butler



Undoing Gender, Judith Butler

Butler, Judith. Undoing Gender. 1st ed. 1. New York: Routledge. 2004. 1-250. 



Judith Butler’s Undoing Gender expands upon the notions made within Gender Trouble. Butler examines the social norms of gender and sexuality and how they govern bodies. Undoing Gender critiques gender as a form of survival within society, and that for some to “do” one’s gender they way they wish can lead to the “undoing” of notions of identity.









Queering Bathrooms Sheila Cavanagh
Queering Bathrooms, Sheila Cavanagh

Cavanagh, Sheila L. Queering Bathrooms: Gender, Sexuality, 
and the Hygienic Imagination. 1st ed. 1.
University of Toronto Press, 2010. 1-221. 








Queering Bathrooms: Gender, Sexuality, and the Hygienic Imagination, examines the politics and issues surrounding bathroom use for Queers individuals. Canvanagh discusses this issue as it is for transgendered and transsexual individuals, as well as for masculine women and feminine men. Also discussed is the matter of architecture and gender. The ways to which bathrooms are formed demonstrate self-governance, and allow for occupants to critique gender. 




A Cyborg Manifesto Donna Haraway






A Cyborg Manifesto, Donna Haraway- 

Haraway, Donna. “Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism
in the Late Twentieth Century”. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The
Reinvention of Nature. (1991): 149-181. Web. 28 Sep. 2011.


Donna Haraway’s A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Lat twentieth Century discusses the traditional ideals of feminism through the form of the Cyborg. Haraway discusses a body that departs from the notion of dualism. This body thus separates itself from gender, politics and feminism. The Cyborg body is connected to others through the concept of affinity. This brings individuals together based on survival, and not gender, race, and age. 







Female Masculinity, Judith Halberstam- 

Female Masculinity Judith Halberstam

Halberstam, Judith. Female Masculinity. 1st ed. 1. Durham: Duke University Press.
1998. 1-277. 




Judith Halberstam’s Female Masculinity discusses the concept of masculinity without men, and the various forms this masculinity takes. These various forms of masculinity result in the notion of masculinity as a socially constructed identity. This assortment of masculinities offers insight to new hybrid genders.


UPDATE:

Queer Images: A History of Gay & Lesbian
Film in America,
Harry M. Benshoff &
Sean Griffin
Queer Images: A History of Gay and Lesbian Film in America, Harry M. Benshoff & Sean Griffin- 
Benshoff, Harry M., and Sean Griffin. Queer Images: A History of Gay and Lesbian
Film in America. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publihers, INC, 2006.


Queer Images: A History of Gay and Lesbian Film in America,  chapter one – “From Pansies to Predators: Queer Characters in Early American Cinema”, looks at the different depictions of queer characters within early Hollywood films. These stereotypes include the pansy, the predator, the villain, mannish woman, and buddies.
These stereotypes are reflected in Forms of Friction, as the posthuman displays and disrupt these stereotypes through its embodiment. The posthuman embodies the pansy, the predator, the villain, the mannish woman, and the buddy, all within its own experience and image.


Discipline and Punishment: Panopticism, Michel Foucault-
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punishment: Panopticism. 2nd ed. . 1. New York:
Random House, 1977.


Discipline & Punishment: Panopticism, Michel Foucault
In the chapter “Panopticism” in Discipline and Punishment, Foucault discusses Jeremy Bentham’s notion of the panopticon, where within prisons a watchtower sits in the middle while the prisoner’s cells surround the watchtower. This relates to the notion of self-governance since the prisoners feel as if they are being watched at all times from the eyes within the watchtower. Foucault takes Bentham’s panopticon into society, relating it to the way in which bodies are expected to self-govern, as well as govern others.
Foucault’s notions of the panopticon in relation to self-governance are visualized within Forms of Friction as the posthuman forms perform this action of self-governance. Once the viewer enters the room, they become the watchtower, the governing eyes. The only difference is that the posthuman does not govern its body the way in which is expected, instead they disrupt the body and return the gaze, making the viewers govern themselves. 


Judith Halberstam
Automating Gender: Postmodern Feminism in the Age of the Intelligent Machine, Judith Halberstam - 
Halberstam, Judith. "Automating Gender: Postmodern Feminism in the Age of the
Intelligent Machine." Feminist Studies. 17.3 (1991): 439-460

In Automating Gender: Postmodern Feminism in the Age of the Intelligent Machine, Halberstam discusses the relationship between gender and technology – how technology is gendered and how technology has a gender. Halberstam contends a need for a multiplicity, that the posthuman acknowledges power differentials but is not ruled by them, produces and reproduces difference, and understands gender as automated and intelligent. In Forms of Friction the posthuman is experienced through a multiplicity, which maintains its fluidity. The posthuman acknowledges power differentials through the use of recognizable genital, but is not ruled by it. The posthuman produces and reproduced these differences through the process of exchange, and understands gender to be automated and intelligent.

Posthuman Bodies- Introduction, Judith Halberstam & Ira Livingston- 
Halberstam, Judith, and Ira Livingston. Posthuman Bodies. Edited by Judith
Halberstam and Ira Livingston. 1st ed. 1. Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, 1995. 1-19.


Halberstam and Livingston discuss what the posthuman body is, as well as its relation to family and the queer body. These posthuman bodies are “not slaves to master discourses” (2), and use “embodiment as a significant prosthesis” (2). This investigation into the posthuman relates directly to the image of the posthuman in Forms of Friction, as these forms do not follow the rules of master discourses and use embodiment (genitalia) as a prosthesis. In terms of family, the posthuman does not have one. The posthuman thus redefines reproduction and removes sex from reproducing. This affects ‘fucking’, and thus ‘fucking’ reaches unlimited possibilities. Based off of desire, and not reproduction, ‘fucking’ becomes queer, as bodies intermingle in spite of the temporary ‘gender’ representation of other bodies.


Posthuman, Nicholas Gane- 
Gane, Nicholas. "Posthuman." Theory, Culture, & Society. 2.3 (2006): 431-434.
<http://tcs.sagepub.com/content/23/2-3/431>.


Gane’s article, Posthuman, outlines the basics of posthumanism. Gane’s reference Hablerstam and Livingston’s account of the posthuman in Posthuman Bodies, gives his account of the posthuman a gendered background. This provides insight for Forms of Friction as Gane discusses the possible varieties of bodies within the posthuman, and how these bodies are created through experience. 




Dildonics, Dykes, and the Detachable Masculine, Jeanne E. Hamming-
Hamming, Jeanne E. "Dildonics, Dykes, and the Detachable Masculine." European
 Journal of Women's Studies. 8.3 (2001): 329-341. Print.
<http://ejw.sagepub.com/content/8/3/329>.

Hamming’s article looks at the issue of the use of dildos within the lesbian community. Hamming discusses how many see the dildo as a prosthetic used to make up for the lack of the female, or as a signifier in glorifying the male phallus as the superior within sexual pleasure.  Hamming also observes how the use of a dildo allows the ability for female’s to extend their bodies, not to replace something or fill in a void. The various positional uses of the dildo, outside of assumed heteronormative positions, allows for the female body within these situations to disrupt not only sex, but the male body/phallus.
These notions of the dildo resemble the prosthetics used in Forms of Friction. These prosthetics are not exchanged to replace or fill in void of the body, but instead they act as a temporary extension of the body. These prosthetics are used to disrupt and queer the body in the same manner that the dildo disrupts and queers the lesbian body.

Toward Virtual Embodiment in How We Become Posthuman, Katherine Hayles-
Hayles, Katherine. Toward Virtual Embodiment in How We Become Posthuman.
Katherine Hayles 
Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Hayle’s chapter ‘Toward Virtual Embodiment’ in How We Became Posthuman discusses how embodiment has become informational and gives an account of the ‘posthuman view’. “1. Privileges informational pattern over material instantiation, embodiment as an accident of history. 2. Considers consciousness regarded as the seat of human identity in the Western tradition. 3. Body as original prostheses we all learn to manipulate, extending or replacing the body with other prostheses becomes a continuation of a process that began before we were born. 4. Configures human being so that it can seamlessly articulated with intelligent machines. No essential differences or absolute demarcations between bodily existence and computer simulation, cybernetic mechanism and biological organism, robot technology and human goals”.  Hayle’s also mentions the ‘feedback loop’, which allows the ‘boundaries of an individual to be up for grabs’. This means that an individual is to constrained by the body, but can multiply and take on many forms – one representation is affected by the other.
Hayle’s notions of the posthuman view directly relate to Forms of Friction, Her third imposition, regarding prosthesis, relates to the way in which the posthuman uses the prosthetics to manipulate the body, as well as performing motions which are on going, and began before the viewer enters the space. Hayle’s account of the ‘feedback loop’ also reflects Forms of Friction, as the bodies are boundless, there is no limit to their representation, as well as are affected by the other bodies around them – their temporary representation depends on the other forms. 


Bodies That Matter: Science Fiction, Technoculture, and the Gendered Body, Kaye Mitchell
Mitchell, Kaye. “Bodies That Matter: Science Fiction, Technoculture, and the
Gendered Body”. Science Fiction Studies: Technoculture and Science Fiction. 33.3 (2006): 109-128. Web. 20 Oct 2011. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4241411>.

Mitchell’s article looks at the way gender and technology work together, and questions whether or not technology can help create a post-gender world. Forms of Friction relates to Mitchell’s account of technology and the body through the ways to which she describes how technology can affect the body, making it based on data or information, not gender. Mitchell also addresses issues that contrast with the concept of Forms of Friction, such as it is not possible to bodies to become unsexed because the presence of the body makes it impossible to become post-gender. 





No comments:

Post a Comment