The major influential texts include:
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Fast Feminism Shannon Bell |
Fast Feminism, Shannon Bell-
Bell, Shannon. Fast
Feminism. 1st. ed. 1. New York: Autonomedia. 2010. 1-193.
Shannon Bell’s Fast
Feminism discusses the concept of a new form a feminism. This feminism is “
a new-old feminism grounded in politics, performance, and philosophy. It is in
close proximity to postfeminisms of the poststructuralist variety – third-wave
feminism, queer feminism, cyberfeminism, and feminism 3.0” (Bell, frontispiece).
Bell’s ‘Fast Feminist' is a, “post gender
provocateur, not so much a gender terrorist as a gender risk taker going the
distance with her body” (Bell, 11).
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Gender Trouble Judith Butler |
Gender Trouble, Judith Butler-
Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble brings to light issues of heteronormativity and gender within society. Within Gender Trouble, Butler discusses the identity politics women, and who is included within the term ‘woman’. It is in Gender Trouble that Butler discusses the notion of ‘the masculine’ and ‘the feminine’ as socially constructed and not biological, as well as introduces gender performativty in relation to everyday activities.
Butler, Judith. Gender
Trouble. 2nd. ed. 1. New York: Routledge. 1990. 1-203.
Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble brings to light issues of heteronormativity and gender within society. Within Gender Trouble, Butler discusses the identity politics women, and who is included within the term ‘woman’. It is in Gender Trouble that Butler discusses the notion of ‘the masculine’ and ‘the feminine’ as socially constructed and not biological, as well as introduces gender performativty in relation to everyday activities.
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Undoing Gender Judith Butler |
Undoing Gender, Judith Butler
Judith Butler’s Undoing Gender expands upon the notions made within Gender Trouble. Butler examines the social norms of gender and sexuality and how they govern bodies. Undoing Gender critiques gender as a form of survival within society, and that for some to “do” one’s gender they way they wish can lead to the “undoing” of notions of identity.
Butler, Judith. Undoing
Gender. 1st ed. 1. New York: Routledge. 2004. 1-250.
Judith Butler’s Undoing Gender expands upon the notions made within Gender Trouble. Butler examines the social norms of gender and sexuality and how they govern bodies. Undoing Gender critiques gender as a form of survival within society, and that for some to “do” one’s gender they way they wish can lead to the “undoing” of notions of identity.
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Queering Bathrooms Sheila Cavanagh |
Queering Bathrooms, Sheila Cavanagh
Queering Bathrooms: Gender, Sexuality, and the Hygienic Imagination, examines the politics and issues surrounding bathroom use for Queers individuals. Canvanagh discusses this issue as it is for transgendered and transsexual individuals, as well as for masculine women and feminine men. Also discussed is the matter of architecture and gender. The ways to which bathrooms are formed demonstrate self-governance, and allow for occupants to critique gender.
Cavanagh,
Sheila L. Queering Bathrooms: Gender, Sexuality,
and the
Hygienic Imagination. 1st ed. 1.
University of Toronto Press, 2010. 1-221.
Queering Bathrooms: Gender, Sexuality, and the Hygienic Imagination, examines the politics and issues surrounding bathroom use for Queers individuals. Canvanagh discusses this issue as it is for transgendered and transsexual individuals, as well as for masculine women and feminine men. Also discussed is the matter of architecture and gender. The ways to which bathrooms are formed demonstrate self-governance, and allow for occupants to critique gender.
A Cyborg Manifesto, Donna Haraway-
Haraway, Donna. “Cyborg Manifesto: Science,
Technology, and Socialist-Feminism
in the Late Twentieth Century”. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The
Reinvention
of Nature. (1991): 149-181. Web. 28 Sep. 2011.
Donna Haraway’s A
Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Lat
twentieth Century discusses the traditional ideals of feminism through the
form of the Cyborg. Haraway discusses a body that departs from the notion of
dualism. This body thus separates itself from gender, politics and feminism.
The Cyborg body is connected to others through the concept of affinity. This
brings individuals together based on survival, and not gender, race, and age.
Female Masculinity, Judith Halberstam-
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Female Masculinity Judith Halberstam |
Halberstam, Judith. Female Masculinity. 1st ed. 1. Durham: Duke University
Press.
1998. 1-277.
Judith Halberstam’s Female
Masculinity discusses the concept of masculinity without men, and the
various forms this masculinity takes. These various forms of masculinity result
in the notion of masculinity as a socially constructed identity. This
assortment of masculinities offers insight to new hybrid genders.
UPDATE:
Automating Gender: Postmodern Feminism in the Age of the Intelligent Machine, Judith Halberstam -
UPDATE:
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Queer Images: A History of Gay & Lesbian Film in America, Harry M. Benshoff & Sean Griffin |
Queer Images: A History of Gay and Lesbian Film in America, Harry M. Benshoff & Sean Griffin-
Benshoff, Harry M., and Sean Griffin. Queer Images: A History of Gay
and Lesbian
Film in America. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publihers,
INC, 2006.
Queer Images: A History of Gay and Lesbian Film in
America, chapter one – “From Pansies to
Predators: Queer Characters in Early American Cinema”, looks at the different
depictions of queer characters within early Hollywood films. These stereotypes
include the pansy, the predator, the villain, mannish woman, and buddies.
These stereotypes are
reflected in Forms of Friction, as the posthuman displays and disrupt
these stereotypes through its embodiment. The posthuman embodies the pansy, the
predator, the villain, the mannish woman, and the buddy, all within its own
experience and image.
Discipline and Punishment: Panopticism, Michel Foucault-
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punishment: Panopticism. 2nd ed.
. 1. New York:
Random House, 1977.
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Discipline & Punishment: Panopticism, Michel Foucault |
In the chapter “Panopticism” in Discipline and
Punishment, Foucault discusses
Jeremy Bentham’s notion of the panopticon, where within prisons a watchtower
sits in the middle while the prisoner’s cells surround the watchtower. This
relates to the notion of self-governance since the prisoners feel as if they
are being watched at all times from the eyes within the watchtower. Foucault
takes Bentham’s panopticon into society, relating it to the way in which bodies
are expected to self-govern, as well as govern others.
Foucault’s notions of
the panopticon in relation to self-governance are visualized within Forms of
Friction as the posthuman forms perform this action of self-governance.
Once the viewer enters the room, they become the watchtower, the governing
eyes. The only difference is that the posthuman does not govern its body the
way in which is expected, instead they disrupt the body and return the gaze,
making the viewers govern themselves.
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Judith Halberstam |
Halberstam, Judith. "Automating Gender: Postmodern Feminism in the
Age of the
Intelligent Machine." Feminist Studies.
17.3 (1991): 439-460
In Automating
Gender: Postmodern Feminism in the Age of the Intelligent Machine, Halberstam discusses
the relationship between gender and technology – how technology is gendered and
how technology has a gender. Halberstam contends a need for a multiplicity,
that the posthuman acknowledges power differentials but is not ruled by them, produces
and reproduces difference, and understands gender as automated and intelligent.
In Forms of Friction the posthuman is
experienced through a multiplicity, which maintains its fluidity. The posthuman
acknowledges power differentials through the use of recognizable genital, but
is not ruled by it. The posthuman produces and reproduced these differences
through the process of exchange, and understands gender to be automated and
intelligent.
Posthuman Bodies- Introduction, Judith Halberstam & Ira Livingston-
Halberstam, Judith, and Ira Livingston. Posthuman Bodies. Edited by Judith
Halberstam and
Ira Livingston. 1st ed. 1. Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, 1995. 1-19.
Halberstam and Livingston discuss what the
posthuman body is, as well as its relation to family and the queer body. These
posthuman bodies are “not slaves to master discourses” (2), and use “embodiment
as a significant prosthesis” (2). This investigation into the posthuman relates
directly to the image of the posthuman in Forms
of Friction, as these forms do not follow the rules of master discourses
and use embodiment (genitalia) as a prosthesis. In terms of family, the
posthuman does not have one. The posthuman thus redefines reproduction and
removes sex from reproducing. This affects ‘fucking’, and thus ‘fucking’
reaches unlimited possibilities. Based off of desire, and not reproduction,
‘fucking’ becomes queer, as bodies intermingle in spite of the temporary
‘gender’ representation of other bodies.
Posthuman, Nicholas Gane-
Gane,
Nicholas. "Posthuman." Theory, Culture, & Society. 2.3
(2006): 431-434.
<http://tcs.sagepub.com/content/23/2-3/431>.
Gane’s article, Posthuman, outlines the basics of
posthumanism. Gane’s reference Hablerstam and Livingston’s account of the
posthuman in Posthuman Bodies, gives
his account of the posthuman a gendered background. This provides insight for Forms of Friction as Gane discusses the
possible varieties of bodies within the posthuman, and how these bodies are
created through experience.
Dildonics, Dykes, and the Detachable Masculine, Jeanne E. Hamming-
Hamming,
Jeanne E. "Dildonics, Dykes, and the Detachable Masculine." European
Journal of Women's Studies. 8.3 (2001): 329-341. Print.
<http://ejw.sagepub.com/content/8/3/329>.

These notions of the dildo resemble the prosthetics
used in Forms of Friction. These
prosthetics are not exchanged to replace or fill in void of the body, but
instead they act as a temporary extension of the body. These prosthetics are
used to disrupt and queer the body in the same manner that the dildo disrupts
and queers the lesbian body.
Hayles, Katherine. Toward Virtual Embodiment in How We Become
Posthuman.
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Katherine Hayles |
Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1999.
Hayle’s chapter ‘Toward Virtual Embodiment’ in How We Became Posthuman discusses how embodiment
has become informational and gives an account of the ‘posthuman view’. “1.
Privileges informational pattern over material instantiation, embodiment as an
accident of history. 2. Considers consciousness regarded as the seat of human
identity in the Western tradition. 3. Body as original prostheses we all learn
to manipulate, extending or replacing the body with other prostheses becomes a
continuation of a process that began before we were born. 4. Configures human
being so that it can seamlessly articulated with intelligent machines. No
essential differences or absolute demarcations between bodily existence and
computer simulation, cybernetic mechanism and biological organism, robot
technology and human goals”. Hayle’s also mentions the ‘feedback loop’, which allows the
‘boundaries of an individual to be up for grabs’. This means that an individual
is to constrained by the body, but can multiply and take on many forms – one
representation is affected by the other.
Hayle’s notions of the posthuman view directly
relate to Forms of Friction, Her
third imposition, regarding prosthesis, relates to the way in which the
posthuman uses the prosthetics to manipulate the body, as well as performing
motions which are on going, and began before the viewer enters the space.
Hayle’s account of the ‘feedback loop’ also reflects Forms of Friction, as the bodies are boundless, there is no limit
to their representation, as well as are affected by the other bodies around
them – their temporary representation depends on the other forms.
Bodies That Matter: Science Fiction, Technoculture, and the Gendered Body, Kaye Mitchell
Mitchell, Kaye. “Bodies That Matter: Science Fiction, Technoculture, and
the
Gendered Body”. Science
Fiction Studies: Technoculture and Science Fiction. 33.3 (2006): 109-128.
Web. 20 Oct 2011. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/4241411>.
Mitchell’s article looks at the way gender and
technology work together, and questions whether or not technology can help
create a post-gender world. Forms of
Friction relates to Mitchell’s account of technology and the body through
the ways to which she describes how technology can affect the body, making it
based on data or information, not gender. Mitchell also addresses issues that
contrast with the concept of Forms of
Friction, such as it is not possible to bodies to become unsexed because
the presence of the body makes it impossible to become post-gender.
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